Kennerly S. Patrick

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InstitutionMedical University of South Carolina
DepartmentCOP Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences - MUSC Campus
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    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Shi J, Xiao J, Wang X, Jung SM, Bleske BE, Markowitz JS, Patrick KS, Zhu HJ, Shi J, Xiao J, Wang X, Jung SM, Bleske BE, Markowitz JS, Patrick KS, Zhu HJ. Plasma Carboxylesterase 1 Predicts Methylphenidate Exposure: A Proof-of-Concept Study Using Plasma Protein Biomarker for Hepatic Drug Metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2022 04; 111(4):878-885. PMID: 34743324; PMCID: PMC9249567.
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    2. Patrick KS, Rodriguez W, Patrick KS, Rodriguez W. Potential for Underestimation of d-Methylphenidate Bioavailability Using Chiral Derivatization/Gas Chromatography. Drug Metab Dispos. 2019 07; 47(7):764-767. PMID: 31028056; PMCID: PMC6584788.
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    3. Patrick KS, Radke JL, Raymond JR, Koller L, Nguyen LV, Rodriguez W, Straughn AB, Patrick KS, Radke JL, Raymond JR, Koller L, Nguyen LV, Rodriguez W, Straughn AB. Drug Regimen Individualization for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Guidance for Methylphenidate and Dexmethylphenidate Formulations. Pharmacotherapy. 2019 06; 39(6):677-688. PMID: 30351459.
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    4. Markowitz JS, Patrick KS, Markowitz JS, Patrick KS. The Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Amphetamines Utilized in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2017 Oct; 27(8):678-689. PMID: 28910145.
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    5. Zhu HJ, Patrick KS, Straughn AB, Reeves OT, Bernstein H, Shi J, Johnson HJ, Knight JM, Smith AT, Malcolm RJ, Markowitz JS, Zhu HJ, Patrick KS, Straughn AB, Reeves OT, Bernstein H, Shi J, Johnson HJ, Knight JM, Smith AT, Malcolm RJ, Markowitz JS. Ethanol Interactions With Dexmethylphenidate and dl-Methylphenidate Spheroidal Oral Drug Absorption Systems in Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017 Aug; 37(4):419-428. PMID: 28590363; PMCID: PMC5484776.
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    6. Patrick KS, Straughn AB, Patrick KS, Straughn AB. Absorption Differences between Immediate-Release Dexmethylphenidate and dl-Methylphenidate. Drug Metab Dispos. 2016 Mar; 44(3):418-21. PMID: 26729760; PMCID: PMC4767384.
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    7. Patrick KS, Straughn AB, Reeves OT, Bernstein H, Malcolm R, Patrick KS, Straughn AB, Reeves OT, Bernstein H, Malcolm R. Comparative Ethanol-Induced Potentiation of Stimulatory Responses to Dexmethylphenidate Versus Methylphenidate. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015 Aug; 35(4):464-7. PMID: 26075488; PMCID: PMC4485535.
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    8. Patrick KS, Corbin TR, Murphy CE, Patrick KS, Corbin TR, Murphy CE. Ethylphenidate as a selective dopaminergic agonist and methylphenidate-ethanol transesterification biomarker. J Pharm Sci. 2014 Dec; 103(12):3834-3842. PMID: 25303048; PMCID: PMC4237660.
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    9. Markowitz JS, Zhu HJ, Patrick KS, Markowitz JS, Zhu HJ, Patrick KS. Isopropylphenidate: an ester homolog of methylphenidate with sustained and selective dopaminergic activity and reduced drug interaction liability. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2013 Dec; 23(10):648-54. PMID: 24261661.
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    10. Zhu HJ, Brinda BJ, Chavin KD, Bernstein HJ, Patrick KS, Markowitz JS, Zhu HJ, Brinda BJ, Chavin KD, Bernstein HJ, Patrick KS, Markowitz JS. An assessment of pharmacokinetics and antioxidant activity of free silymarin flavonolignans in healthy volunteers: a dose escalation study. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Sep; 41(9):1679-85. PMID: 23835761; PMCID: PMC3876803.
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    11. Patrick KS, Straughn AB, Reeves OT, Bernstein H, Bell GH, Anderson ER, Malcolm RJ, Patrick KS, Straughn AB, Reeves OT, Bernstein H, Bell GH, Anderson ER, Malcolm RJ. Differential influences of ethanol on early exposure to racemic methylphenidate compared with dexmethylphenidate in humans. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Jan; 41(1):197-205. PMID: 23104969; PMCID: PMC3533423.
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    12. Griffin WC, McGovern RW, Bell GH, Randall PK, Middaugh LD, Patrick KS, Griffin WC, McGovern RW, Bell GH, Randall PK, Middaugh LD, Patrick KS. Interactive effects of methylphenidate and alcohol on discrimination, conditioned place preference and motor coordination in C57BL/6J mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013 Feb; 225(3):613-25. PMID: 22955568; PMCID: PMC3547134.
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    13. Bell GH, Griffin WC, Patrick KS, Bell GH, Griffin WC, Patrick KS. Oral and transdermal DL-methylphenidate-ethanol interactions in C57BL/6J mice: potentiation of locomotor activity with oral delivery. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2011 Dec; 100(2):264-70. PMID: 21925201; PMCID: PMC3199322.
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    14. Zhu HJ, Patrick KS, Markowitz JS, Zhu HJ, Patrick KS, Markowitz JS. Enantiospecific determination of DL-methylphenidate and DL-ethylphenidate in plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: application to human ethanol interactions. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2011 Apr 01; 879(11-12):783-8. PMID: 21402502; PMCID: PMC3733562.
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    15. McGovern RW, Middaugh LD, Patrick KS, Griffin WC, McGovern RW, Middaugh LD, Patrick KS, Griffin WC. The discriminative stimulus properties of methylphenidate in C57BL/6J mice. Behav Pharmacol. 2011 Feb; 22(1):14-22. PMID: 21160424; PMCID: PMC3099148.
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    16. Bell GH, Novak AJ, Griffin WC, Patrick KS, Bell GH, Novak AJ, Griffin WC, Patrick KS. Transdermal and oral dl-methylphenidate-ethanol interactions in C57BL/6J mice: transesterification to ethylphenidate and elevation of d-methylphenidate concentrations. J Pharm Sci. 2011 Jul; 100(7):2966-78. PMID: 21240977; PMCID: PMC4429779.
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    17. Griffin WC, Novak AJ, Middaugh LD, Patrick KS, Griffin WC, Novak AJ, Middaugh LD, Patrick KS. The interactive effects of methylphenidate and ethanol on ethanol consumption and locomotor activity in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2010 May; 95(3):267-72. PMID: 20122954; PMCID: PMC2862580.
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    18. Patrick KS, Straughn AB, Perkins JS, González MA, Patrick KS, Straughn AB, Perkins JS, Gonz?lez MA. Evolution of stimulants to treat ADHD: transdermal methylphenidate. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jan; 24(1):1-17. PMID: 19051222; PMCID: PMC2629554.
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    19. Markowitz JS, Patrick KS, Markowitz JS, Patrick KS. Differential pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methylphenidate enantiomers: does chirality matter? J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008 Jun; 28(3 Suppl 2):S54-61. PMID: 18480678.
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    20. Markowitz JS, Patrick KS, Markowitz JS, Patrick KS. Given the multifaceted nature of ADHD, namely its physiologic, cognitive, psychological, and behavioral manifestations, multimodal approaches to treatment are advocated. Introduction. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008 Jun; 28(3 Suppl 2):S37-8. PMID: 18480675.
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    21. Zhu HJ, Patrick KS, Yuan HJ, Wang JS, Donovan JL, DeVane CL, Malcolm R, Johnson JA, Youngblood GL, Sweet DH, Langaee TY, Markowitz JS, Zhu HJ, Patrick KS, Yuan HJ, Wang JS, Donovan JL, DeVane CL, Malcolm R, Johnson JA, Youngblood GL, Sweet DH, Langaee TY, Markowitz JS. Two CES1 gene mutations lead to dysfunctional carboxylesterase 1 activity in man: clinical significance and molecular basis. Am J Hum Genet. 2008 Jun; 82(6):1241-8. PMID: 18485328; PMCID: PMC2427248.
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    22. LeVasseur NL, Zhu HJ, Markowitz JS, DeVane CL, Patrick KS, LeVasseur NL, Zhu HJ, Markowitz JS, DeVane CL, Patrick KS. Enantiospecific gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of urinary methylphenidate: implications for phenotyping. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2008 Feb 01; 862(1-2):140-9. PMID: 18155648; PMCID: PMC2350184.
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    23. Orr RK, Hoehn JL, Col NF, Gupta RP, Patrick K, Bell NH. Mutational analysis of CYP27A1: assessment of 27-hydroxylation of cholesterol and 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D. Metabolism. 2007 Sep; 56(9):1248-55. PMID: 17697869; PMCID: PMC2707179.
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    24. Zhu HJ, Wang JS, Patrick KS, Donovan JL, DeVane CL, Markowitz JS, Zhu HJ, Wang JS, Patrick KS, Donovan JL, DeVane CL, Markowitz JS. A novel HPLC fluorescence method for the quantification of methylphenidate in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2007 Oct 15; 858(1-2):91-5. PMID: 17804308; PMCID: PMC2072865.
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    25. Boger HA, Middaugh LD, Patrick KS, Ramamoorthy S, Denehy ED, Zhu H, Pacchioni AM, Granholm AC, McGinty JF, Boger HA, Middaugh LD, Patrick KS, Ramamoorthy S, Denehy ED, Zhu H, Pacchioni AM, Granholm AC, McGinty JF. Long-term consequences of methamphetamine exposure in young adults are exacerbated in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor heterozygous mice. J Neurosci. 2007 Aug 15; 27(33):8816-25. PMID: 17699663; PMCID: PMC2698457.
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    26. Patrick KS, Straughn AB, Minhinnett RR, Yeatts SD, Herrin AE, DeVane CL, Malcolm R, Janis GC, Markowitz JS, Patrick KS, Straughn AB, Minhinnett RR, Yeatts SD, Herrin AE, DeVane CL, Malcolm R, Janis GC, Markowitz JS. Influence of ethanol and gender on methylphenidate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Mar; 81(3):346-53. PMID: 17339864; PMCID: PMC3188424.
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    27. Kinsey GR, McHowat J, Patrick KS, Schnellmann RG, Kinsey GR, McHowat J, Patrick KS, Schnellmann RG. Role of Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2gamma in Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 May; 321(2):707-15. PMID: 17312185.
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    28. Williard RL, Middaugh LD, Zhu HJ, Patrick KS, Williard RL, Middaugh LD, Zhu HJ, Patrick KS. Methylphenidate and its ethanol transesterification metabolite ethylphenidate: brain disposition, monoamine transporters and motor activity. Behav Pharmacol. 2007 Feb; 18(1):39-51. PMID: 17218796.
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    29. Markowitz JS, DeVane CL, Pestreich LK, Patrick KS, Muniz R, Markowitz JS, DeVane CL, Pestreich LK, Patrick KS, Muniz R. A comprehensive in vitro screening of d-, l-, and dl-threo-methylphenidate: an exploratory study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2006 Dec; 16(6):687-98. PMID: 17201613.
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    30. Zhu HJ, Wang JS, DeVane CL, Williard RL, Donovan JL, Middaugh LD, Gibson BB, Patrick KS, Markowitz JS, Zhu HJ, Wang JS, DeVane CL, Williard RL, Donovan JL, Middaugh LD, Gibson BB, Patrick KS, Markowitz JS. The role of the polymorphic efflux transporter P-glycoprotein on the brain accumulation of d-methylphenidate and d-amphetamine. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Jul; 34(7):1116-21. PMID: 16621932.
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    31. Njoku CJ, Patrick KS, Ruiz P, Oates JC, Njoku CJ, Patrick KS, Ruiz P, Oates JC. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors reduce urinary markers of systemic oxidant stress in murine proliferative lupus nephritis. J Investig Med. 2005 Nov; 53(7):347-52. PMID: 16297360; PMCID: PMC9794114.
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    32. Donovan JL, DeVane CL, Chavin KD, Oates JC, Njoku C, Patrick KS, Fiorini RN, Markowitz JS, Donovan JL, DeVane CL, Chavin KD, Oates JC, Njoku C, Patrick KS, Fiorini RN, Markowitz JS. Oral administration of a decaffeinated green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract did not alter urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F(2 alpha), a biomarker for in-vivo lipid peroxidation. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2005 Oct; 57(10):1365-9. PMID: 16259767.
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    33. Patrick KS, Williard RL, VanWert AL, Dowd JJ, Oatis JE, Middaugh LD, Patrick KS, Williard RL, VanWert AL, Dowd JJ, Oatis JE, Middaugh LD. Synthesis and pharmacology of ethylphenidate enantiomers: the human transesterification metabolite of methylphenidate and ethanol. J Med Chem. 2005 Apr 21; 48(8):2876-81. PMID: 15828826.
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    34. Patrick KS, González MA, Straughn AB, Markowitz JS, Patrick KS, Gonz?lez MA, Straughn AB, Markowitz JS. New methylphenidate formulations for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2005 Jan; 2(1):121-43. PMID: 16296740.
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    35. Rahmaniyan M, Patrick K, Bell NH, Rahmaniyan M, Patrick K, Bell NH. Characterization of recombinant CYP2C11: a vitamin D 25-hydroxylase and 24-hydroxylase. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Apr; 288(4):E753-60. PMID: 15585593.
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    36. Gupta RP, He YA, Patrick KS, Halpert JR, Bell NH, Gupta RP, He YA, Patrick KS, Halpert JR, Bell NH. CYP3A4 is a vitamin D-24- and 25-hydroxylase: analysis of structure function by site-directed mutagenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Feb; 90(2):1210-9. PMID: 15546903.
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    37. Gupta RP, Hollis BW, Patel SB, Patrick KS, Bell NH, Gupta RP, Hollis BW, Patel SB, Patrick KS, Bell NH. CYP3A4 is a human microsomal vitamin D 25-hydroxylase. J Bone Miner Res. 2004 Apr; 19(4):680-8. PMID: 15005856.
      Citations: 41     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    38. Markowitz JS, Straughn AB, Patrick KS, Markowitz JS, Straughn AB, Patrick KS. Advances in the pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder: focus on methylphenidate formulations. Pharmacotherapy. 2003 Oct; 23(10):1281-99. PMID: 14594346.
      Citations: 51     Fields:    Translation:Humans
    39. Markowitz JS, Straughn AB, Patrick KS, DeVane CL, Pestreich L, Lee J, Wang Y, Muniz R, Markowitz JS, Straughn AB, Patrick KS, DeVane CL, Pestreich L, Lee J, Wang Y, Muniz R. Pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate after oral administration of two modified-release formulations in healthy adults. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2003; 42(4):393-401. PMID: 12648029.
      Citations: 23     Fields:    Translation:HumansCTClinical Trials
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