Philip Henry Howe

TitleChair, Department of Biochemistry
InstitutionMedical University of South Carolina
DepartmentBiochemistry and Molecular Biology
AddressP.O. Box MSC 509
501A
173 Ashley Ave.
Phone843-792-4687
Fax843-792-8304
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    Collapse Overview 
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    Research in the Howe laboratory is focused on understanding the signaling pathways activated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), interleukin-like EMT inducer (ILEI) and Wnt in cellular models of differentiation and cancer. One major area of interest is a recently identified signaling pathway whereby TGFβ regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) and metastasis through a post-transcriptional mechanism involving the regulation of an RNA binding protein, heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein E1 (hnRNP E1). We are focused on how TGFβ regulation of hnRNP E1 phosphorylation not only regulates translational silencing of select mRNAs involved in EMT/metastasis but also of lncRNAs that may also contribute to tumor progression. Candidate mRNA targets and lncRNAs are actively being pursued and one mRNA target in particular, the cytokine ILEI, has become a major focus of the laboratory. Aside from its known role in EMT, relatively little is known regarding ILEI. We have identified ILEI as a potent stem factor in breast epithelium and are actively investigating the molecular mechanisms through which it mediates its progenitor effects.

    In another focus area we are investigating the role of the adaptor molecule, disabled-2 (Dab2), as a mediator of the cross-talk between the TGFβ and Wnt signaling pathways. We have shown that the tumor suppressor functions of Dab2 are mediated thru its attenuation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling by selectively recruiting the Wnt co-receptor LRP6 to the clathrin-dependent endocytic route, thereby sequestering it from caveolin-mediated endocytosis and signaling. TGFβ levels in cells and tissues regulates Dab2 expression and thereby regulates, thru Dab2, Wnt signaling. We are currently investigating this cross-talk in the developing zebrafish and in animal tumor models. We have also made the recent observation that Dab2 regulates TGFβ-induced apoptosis and autophagy. We have shown that mechanistically Dab2 serves as a molecular switch to control whether cells undergo apoptosis or autophagy in response to TGFβ, and significantly this switch may be underlie chemosensitivity and acquired-resistance during tumorigenesis.
    Collapse keywords
    Cytokine signaling in cancer, Cancer stem cells

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    Collapse Bibliographic 
    Collapse selected publications
    Publications listed below are automatically derived from MEDLINE/PubMed and other sources, which might result in incorrect or missing publications. Faculty can login to make corrections and additions.
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    PMC Citations indicate the number of times the publication was cited by articles in PubMed Central, and the Altmetric score represents citations in news articles and social media. (Note that publications are often cited in additional ways that are not shown here.) Fields are based on how the National Library of Medicine (NLM) classifies the publication's journal and might not represent the specific topic of the publication. Translation tags are based on the publication type and the MeSH terms NLM assigns to the publication. Some publications (especially newer ones and publications not in PubMed) might not yet be assigned Field or Translation tags.) Click a Field or Translation tag to filter the publications.
    1. Ning W, Cheng D, Howe PH, Bian C, Kamen DL, Luo Z, Fu X, Ogunrinde E, Yang L, Wang X, Li QZ, Oates J, Zhang W, White D, Wan Z, Gilkeson GS, Jiang W, Ning W, Cheng D, Howe PH, Bian C, Kamen DL, Luo Z, Fu X, Ogunrinde E, Yang L, Wang X, Li QZ, Oates J, Zhang W, White D, Wan Z, Gilkeson GS, Jiang W. Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (PGN) induces pathogenic autoantibody production via autoreactive B cell receptor clonal selection, implications in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun. 2022 07; 131:102860. PMID: 35810689; PMCID: PMC9397544.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    2. Parikh RY, Nadig SN, Mehrotra S, Howe PH, Gangaraju VK, Parikh RY, Nadig SN, Mehrotra S, Howe PH, Gangaraju VK. Direct NP- A cost-effective extraction-free RT-qPCR based test for SARS-CoV-2. Heliyon. 2022 Jun; 8(6):e09735. PMID: 35747323; PMCID: PMC9212976.
      Citations: 1     
    3. Howley BV, Mohanty B, Dalton A, Grelet S, Karam J, Dincman T, Howe PH, Howley BV, Mohanty B, Dalton A, Grelet S, Karam J, Dincman T, Howe PH. The ubiquitin E3 ligase ARIH1 regulates hnRNP E1 protein stability, EMT and breast cancer progression. Oncogene. 2022 03; 41(12):1679-1690. PMID: 35102251; PMCID: PMC8933277.
      Citations:    
    4. Grelet S, Fréreux C, Obellianne C, Noguchi K, Howley BV, Dalton AC, Howe PH, Grelet S, Fr?reux C, Obellianne C, Noguchi K, Howley BV, Dalton AC, Howe PH. TGF?-induced expression of long noncoding lincRNA Platr18 controls breast cancer axonogenesis. Life Sci Alliance. 2022 02; 5(2). PMID: 34810279; PMCID: PMC8645334.
      Citations:    
    5. Mohanty BK, Karam JA, Howley BV, Dalton AC, Grelet S, Dincman T, Streitfeld WS, Yoon JH, Balakrishnan L, Chazin WJ, Long DT, Howe PH, Mohanty BK, Karam JA, Howley BV, Dalton AC, Grelet S, Dincman T, Streitfeld WS, Yoon JH, Balakrishnan L, Chazin WJ, Long DT, Howe PH. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 binds polycytosine DNA and monitors genome integrity. Life Sci Alliance. 2021 09; 4(9). PMID: 34272328; PMCID: PMC8321654.
      Citations:    
    6. Dwyer CJ, Cloud CA, Wang C, Heidt P, Chakraborty P, Duke TF, McGue S, Jeffcoat B, Dunne J, Johnson L, Choi S, Nahhas GJ, Gandy AS, Babic N, Nolte FS, Howe P, Ogretmen B, Gangaraju VK, Tomlinson S, Madden B, Bridges T, Flume PA, Wrangle J, Rubinstein MP, Baliga PK, Nadig SN, Mehrotra S, Dwyer CJ, Cloud CA, Wang C, Heidt P, Chakraborty P, Duke TF, McGue S, Jeffcoat B, Dunne J, Johnson L, Choi S, Nahhas GJ, Gandy AS, Babic N, Nolte FS, Howe P, Ogretmen B, Gangaraju VK, Tomlinson S, Madden B, Bridges T, Flume PA, Wrangle J, Rubinstein MP, Baliga PK, Nadig SN, Mehrotra S. Comparative analysis of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 between asymptomatic and convalescent patients. iScience. 2021 Jun 25; 24(6):102489. PMID: 33969281; PMCID: PMC8087581.
      Citations:    
    7. Gudi RR, Janakiraman H, Howe PH, Palanisamy V, Vasu C, Gudi RR, Janakiraman H, Howe PH, Palanisamy V, Vasu C. Loss of CPAP causes sustained EGFR signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral cancer. Oncotarget. 2021 Apr 13; 12(8):807-822. PMID: 33889303; PMCID: PMC8057274.
      Citations:    
    8. Ogbu SC, Musich PR, Zhang J, Yao ZQ, Howe PH, Jiang Y, Ogbu SC, Musich PR, Zhang J, Yao ZQ, Howe PH, Jiang Y. The role of disabled-2 (Dab2) in diseases. Gene. 2021 Feb 15; 769:145202. PMID: 33059028.
      Citations:    
    9. Zhang J, Miller Z, Musich PR, Thomas AE, Yao ZQ, Xie Q, Howe PH, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Miller Z, Musich PR, Thomas AE, Yao ZQ, Xie Q, Howe PH, Jiang Y. DSTYK Promotes Metastasis and Chemoresistance via EMT in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11:1250. PMID: 32982725; PMCID: PMC7493073.
      Citations:    
    10. Ansa-Addo EA, Huang HC, Riesenberg B, Iamsawat S, Borucki D, Nelson MH, Nam JH, Chung D, Paulos CM, Liu B, Yu XZ, Philpott C, Howe PH, Li Z, Ansa-Addo EA, Huang HC, Riesenberg B, Iamsawat S, Borucki D, Nelson MH, Nam JH, Chung D, Paulos CM, Liu B, Yu XZ, Philpott C, Howe PH, Li Z. RNA binding protein PCBP1 is an intracellular immune checkpoint for shaping T cell responses in cancer immunity. Sci Adv. 2020 05; 6(22):eaaz3865. PMID: 32523987; PMCID: PMC7259945.
      Citations:    
    11. Grelet S, Howe PH, Grelet S, Howe PH. hnRNP E1 at the crossroads of translational regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Cancer Metastasis Treat. 2019; 5. PMID: 31681852; PMCID: PMC6824538.
      Citations:    
    12. Woosley AN, Dalton AC, Hussey GS, Howley BV, Mohanty BK, Grelet S, Dincman T, Bloos S, Olsen SK, Howe PH, Woosley AN, Dalton AC, Hussey GS, Howley BV, Mohanty BK, Grelet S, Dincman T, Bloos S, Olsen SK, Howe PH. TGF? promotes breast cancer stem cell self-renewal through an ILEI/LIFR signaling axis. Oncogene. 2019 05; 38(20):3794-3811. PMID: 30692635; PMCID: PMC6525020.
      Citations:    
    13. Howley BV, Howe PH, Howley BV, Howe PH. Metastasis-associated upregulation of ER-Golgi trafficking kinetics: regulation of cancer progression via the Golgi apparatus. Oncoscience. 2018 May; 5(5-6):142-143. PMID: 30035168; PMCID: PMC6049300.
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    14. Noguchi K, Dincman TA, Dalton AC, Howley BV, McCall BJ, Mohanty BK, Howe PH, Noguchi K, Dincman TA, Dalton AC, Howley BV, McCall BJ, Mohanty BK, Howe PH. Interleukin-like EMT inducer (ILEI) promotes melanoma invasiveness and is transcriptionally up-regulated by upstream stimulatory factor-1 (USF-1). J Biol Chem. 2018 07 20; 293(29):11401-11414. PMID: 29871931; PMCID: PMC6065179.
      Citations:    
    15. Janakiraman H, House RP, Gangaraju VK, Diehl JA, Howe PH, Palanisamy V, Janakiraman H, House RP, Gangaraju VK, Diehl JA, Howe PH, Palanisamy V. The Long (lncRNA) and Short (miRNA) of It: TGF?-Mediated Control of RNA-Binding Proteins and Noncoding RNAs. Mol Cancer Res. 2018 04; 16(4):567-579. PMID: 29555893; PMCID: PMC6309266.
      Citations:    
    16. Howley BV, Howe PH, Howley BV, Howe PH. TGF-beta signaling in cancer: post-transcriptional regulation of EMT via hnRNP E1. Cytokine. 2019 06; 118:19-26. PMID: 29396052; PMCID: PMC6063801.
      Citations:    
    17. Emetu S, Troiano M, Goldmintz J, Tomberlin J, Grelet S, Howe PH, Korey C, Geslain R, Emetu S, Troiano M, Goldmintz J, Tomberlin J, Grelet S, Howe PH, Korey C, Geslain R. Metabolic Labeling and Profiling of Transfer RNAs Using Macroarrays. J Vis Exp. 2018 01 16; (131). PMID: 29364226; PMCID: PMC5908660.
      Citations:    
    18. Grelet S, Geslain R, Howe PH, Grelet S, Geslain R, Howe PH. EMT does not work regular shifts. Cell Cycle. 2018; 17(2):141-142. PMID: 29334820; PMCID: PMC5884380.
      Citations:    
    19. Howley BV, Link LA, Grelet S, El-Sabban M, Howe PH, Howley BV, Link LA, Grelet S, El-Sabban M, Howe PH. A CREB3-regulated ER-Golgi trafficking signature promotes metastatic progression in breast cancer. Oncogene. 2018 03; 37(10):1308-1325. PMID: 29249802; PMCID: PMC5844805.
      Citations:    
    20. Grelet S, Link LA, Howley B, Obellianne C, Palanisamy V, Gangaraju VK, Diehl JA, Howe PH, Grelet S, Link LA, Howley B, Obellianne C, Palanisamy V, Gangaraju VK, Diehl JA, Howe PH. Addendum: A regulated PNUTS mRNA to lncRNA splice switch mediates EMT and tumour progression. Nat Cell Biol. 2017 11 29; 19(12):1443. PMID: 29184176.
      Citations:    
    21. Qie S, Majumder M, Mackiewicz K, Howley BV, Peterson YK, Howe PH, Palanisamy V, Diehl JA, Qie S, Majumder M, Mackiewicz K, Howley BV, Peterson YK, Howe PH, Palanisamy V, Diehl JA. Fbxo4-mediated degradation of Fxr1 suppresses tumorigenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Commun. 2017 11 16; 8(1):1534. PMID: 29142209; PMCID: PMC5688124.
      Citations:    
    22. Gencer S, Oleinik N, Kim J, Panneer Selvam S, De Palma R, Dany M, Nganga R, Thomas RJ, Senkal CE, Howe PH, Ogretmen B, Gencer S, Oleinik N, Kim J, Panneer Selvam S, De Palma R, Dany M, Nganga R, Thomas RJ, Senkal CE, Howe PH, Ogretmen B. TGF-? receptor I/II trafficking and signaling at primary cilia are inhibited by ceramide to attenuate cell migration and tumor metastasis. Sci Signal. 2017 Oct 24; 10(502). PMID: 29066540; PMCID: PMC5818989.
      Citations:    
    23. Orr RK, Hoehn JL, Col NF, Grelet S, Link LA, Howley B, Obellianne C, Palanisamy V, Gangaraju VK, Diehl JA, Howe PH. A regulated PNUTS mRNA to lncRNA splice switch mediates EMT and tumour progression. Nat Cell Biol. 2017 Sep; 19(9):1105-1115. PMID: 28825698; PMCID: PMC5578890.
      Citations:    
    24. Grelet S, McShane A, Geslain R, Howe PH, Grelet S, McShane A, Geslain R, Howe PH. Pleiotropic Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in TGF-?-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Their Functions in Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel). 2017 Jul 01; 9(7). PMID: 28671581; PMCID: PMC5532611.
      Citations:    
    25. Grelet S, McShane A, Hok E, Tomberlin J, Howe PH, Geslain R, Grelet S, McShane A, Hok E, Tomberlin J, Howe PH, Geslain R. SPOt: A novel and streamlined microarray platform for observing cellular tRNA levels. PLoS One. 2017; 12(5):e0177939. PMID: 28545122; PMCID: PMC5435355.
      Citations:    
    26. Noguchi K, Dalton AC, Howley BV, McCall BJ, Yoshida A, Diehl JA, Howe PH, Noguchi K, Dalton AC, Howley BV, McCall BJ, Yoshida A, Diehl JA, Howe PH. Interleukin-like EMT inducer regulates partial phenotype switching in MITF-low melanoma cell lines. PLoS One. 2017; 12(5):e0177830. PMID: 28545079; PMCID: PMC5435346.
      Citations:    
    27. Ansa-Addo EA, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Hussey GS, Howley BV, Salem M, Riesenberg B, Sun S, Rockey DC, Karvar S, Howe PH, Liu B, Li Z, Ansa-Addo EA, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Hussey GS, Howley BV, Salem M, Riesenberg B, Sun S, Rockey DC, Karvar S, Howe PH, Liu B, Li Z. Membrane-organizing protein moesin controls Treg differentiation and antitumor immunity via TGF-? signaling. J Clin Invest. 2017 Apr 03; 127(4):1321-1337. PMID: 28287407; PMCID: PMC5373867.
      Citations:    
    28. Lv Z, Rickman KA, Yuan L, Williams K, Selvam SP, Woosley AN, Howe PH, Ogretmen B, Smogorzewska A, Olsen SK, Lv Z, Rickman KA, Yuan L, Williams K, Selvam SP, Woosley AN, Howe PH, Ogretmen B, Smogorzewska A, Olsen SK. S.?pombe Uba1-Ubc15 Structure Reveals a Novel Regulatory Mechanism of Ubiquitin E2 Activity. Mol Cell. 2017 Feb 16; 65(4):699-714.e6. PMID: 28162934; PMCID: PMC5319395.
      Citations:    
    29. Janakiraman H, House RP, Talwar S, Courtney SM, Hazard ES, Hardiman G, Mehrotra S, Howe PH, Gangaraju V, Palanisamy V, Janakiraman H, House RP, Talwar S, Courtney SM, Hazard ES, Hardiman G, Mehrotra S, Howe PH, Gangaraju V, Palanisamy V. Repression of caspase-3 and RNA-binding protein HuR cleavage by cyclooxygenase-2 promotes drug resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene. 2017 06 01; 36(22):3137-3148. PMID: 27941877; PMCID: PMC5453834.
      Citations:    
    30. Metelli A, Wu BX, Fugle CW, Rachidi S, Sun S, Zhang Y, Wu J, Tomlinson S, Howe PH, Yang Y, Garrett-Mayer E, Liu B, Li Z, Metelli A, Wu BX, Fugle CW, Rachidi S, Sun S, Zhang Y, Wu J, Tomlinson S, Howe PH, Yang Y, Garrett-Mayer E, Liu B, Li Z. Surface Expression of TGF? Docking Receptor GARP Promotes Oncogenesis and Immune Tolerance in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res. 2016 12 15; 76(24):7106-7117. PMID: 27913437; PMCID: PMC5504525.
      Citations:    
    31. Jiang Y, Woosley AN, Howe PH, Jiang Y, Woosley AN, Howe PH. Disabled-2; an autophagic and apoptotic switch. Cell Cycle. 2016 12 16; 15(24):3319-3320. PMID: 27559620; PMCID: PMC5224445.
      Citations:    
    32. Jiang Y, Woosley AN, Sivalingam N, Natarajan S, Howe PH, Jiang Y, Woosley AN, Sivalingam N, Natarajan S, Howe PH. Cathepsin-B-mediated cleavage of Disabled-2 regulates TGF-?-induced autophagy. Nat Cell Biol. 2016 08; 18(8):851-63. PMID: 27398911; PMCID: PMC5937135.
      Citations:    
    33. Heise T, Kota V, Brock A, Morris AB, Rodriguez RM, Zierk AW, Howe PH, Sommer G, Heise T, Kota V, Brock A, Morris AB, Rodriguez RM, Zierk AW, Howe PH, Sommer G. The La protein counteracts cisplatin-induced cell death by stimulating protein synthesis of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl2. Oncotarget. 2016 May 17; 7(20):29664-76. PMID: 27105491; PMCID: PMC5045424.
      Citations:    
    34. Link LA, Howley BV, Hussey GS, Howe PH, Link LA, Howley BV, Hussey GS, Howe PH. PCBP1/HNRNP E1 Protects Chromosomal Integrity by Translational Regulation of CDC27. Mol Cancer Res. 2016 07; 14(7):634-46. PMID: 27102006; PMCID: PMC4955705.
      Citations:    
    35. Brown AS, Mohanty BK, Howe PH, Brown AS, Mohanty BK, Howe PH. Identification and characterization of an hnRNP E1 translational silencing motif. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016 07 08; 44(12):5892-907. PMID: 27067543; PMCID: PMC4937310.
      Citations:    
    36. Gupta S, Hau AM, Al-Ahmadie HA, Harwalkar J, Shoskes AC, Elson P, Beach JR, Hussey GS, Schiemann WP, Egelhoff TT, Howe PH, Hansel DE, Gupta S, Hau AM, Al-Ahmadie HA, Harwalkar J, Shoskes AC, Elson P, Beach JR, Hussey GS, Schiemann WP, Egelhoff TT, Howe PH, Hansel DE. Transforming Growth Factor-? Is an Upstream Regulator of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 2-Dependent Bladder Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. Am J Pathol. 2016 05; 186(5):1351-60. PMID: 26988652; PMCID: PMC4861762.
      Citations:    
    37. Brown AS, Mohanty BK, Howe PH, Brown AS, Mohanty BK, Howe PH. Computational Identification of Post Translational Modification Regulated RNA Binding Protein Motifs. PLoS One. 2015; 10(9):e0137696. PMID: 26368004; PMCID: PMC4569568.
      Citations:    
    38. Hussey GS, Howley BV, Howe PH, Hussey GS, Howley BV, Howe PH. Post-transcriptional mapping reveals critical regulators of metastasis. Oncoscience. 2015; 2(10):831-2. PMID: 26682267; PMCID: PMC4671942.
      Citations:    
    39. Howley BV, Hussey GS, Link LA, Howe PH, Howley BV, Hussey GS, Link LA, Howe PH. Translational regulation of inhibin ?A by TGF? via the RNA-binding protein hnRNP E1 enhances the invasiveness of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitioned cells. Oncogene. 2016 Mar 31; 35(13):1725-35. PMID: 26096938; PMCID: PMC4688046.
      Citations:    
    40. Nasarre P, Gemmill RM, Potiron VA, Roche J, Lu X, Barón AE, Korch C, Garrett-Mayer E, Lagana A, Howe PH, Drabkin HA, Nasarre P, Gemmill RM, Potiron VA, Roche J, Lu X, Bar?n AE, Korch C, Garrett-Mayer E, Lagana A, Howe PH, Drabkin HA. Neuropilin-2 Is upregulated in lung cancer cells during TGF-?1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Res. 2013 Dec 01; 73(23):7111-21. PMID: 24121493; PMCID: PMC3926507.
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    41. Hussey GS, Link LA, Brown AS, Howley BV, Chaudhury A, Howe PH, Hussey GS, Link LA, Brown AS, Howley BV, Chaudhury A, Howe PH. Establishment of a TGF?-induced post-transcriptional EMT gene signature. PLoS One. 2012; 7(12):e52624. PMID: 23285117; PMCID: PMC3527574.
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    42. Jiang Y, He X, Howe PH, Jiang Y, He X, Howe PH. Disabled-2 (Dab2) inhibits Wnt/?-catenin signalling by binding LRP6 and promoting its internalization through clathrin. EMBO J. 2012 May 16; 31(10):2336-49. PMID: 22491013; PMCID: PMC3364753.
      Citations:    
    43. Beach JR, Hussey GS, Miller TE, Chaudhury A, Patel P, Monslow J, Zheng Q, Keri RA, Reizes O, Bresnick AR, Howe PH, Egelhoff TT, Beach JR, Hussey GS, Miller TE, Chaudhury A, Patel P, Monslow J, Zheng Q, Keri RA, Reizes O, Bresnick AR, Howe PH, Egelhoff TT. Myosin II isoform switching mediates invasiveness after TGF-?-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Nov 01; 108(44):17991-6. PMID: 22025714; PMCID: PMC3207690.
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    44. Chaudhury A, Hussey GS, Howe PH, Chaudhury A, Hussey GS, Howe PH. 3'-UTR-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of cancer metastasis: beginning at the end. RNA Biol. 2011 Jul-Aug; 8(4):595-9. PMID: 21654215; PMCID: PMC3360070.
      Citations:    
    45. Hussey G, Chaudhury A, Howe PH, Hussey G, Chaudhury A, Howe PH. Discovery of a metastatic pathway: implications for future cancer treatment. Future Oncol. 2011 Jun; 7(6):703-5. PMID: 21675832.
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    46. Orr RK, Hoehn JL, Col NF, Hussey GS, Chaudhury A, Dawson AE, Lindner DJ, Knudsen CR, Wilce MC, Merrick WC, Howe PH. Identification of an mRNP complex regulating tumorigenesis at the translational elongation step. Mol Cell. 2011 Feb 18; 41(4):419-31. PMID: 21329880; PMCID: PMC3061437.
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    47. Penheiter SG, Singh RD, Repellin CE, Wilkes MC, Edens M, Howe PH, Pagano RE, Leof EB, Penheiter SG, Singh RD, Repellin CE, Wilkes MC, Edens M, Howe PH, Pagano RE, Leof EB. Type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor recycling is dependent upon the clathrin adaptor protein Dab2. Mol Biol Cell. 2010 Nov 15; 21(22):4009-19. PMID: 20881059; PMCID: PMC2982134.
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    48. Mayorga ME, Dong F, Sundararaman S, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Howe PH, Penn MS, Mayorga ME, Dong F, Sundararaman S, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Howe PH, Penn MS. Central role for disabled-2 in mesenchymal stem cardiac protein expression and functional consequences after engraftment in acute myocardial infarction. Stem Cells Dev. 2011 Apr; 20(4):681-93. PMID: 20666606.
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    49. Chaudhury A, Chander P, Howe PH, Chaudhury A, Chander P, Howe PH. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) in cellular processes: Focus on hnRNP E1's multifunctional regulatory roles. RNA. 2010 Aug; 16(8):1449-62. PMID: 20584894; PMCID: PMC2905745.
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    50. Chaudhury A, Hussey GS, Ray PS, Jin G, Fox PL, Howe PH, Chaudhury A, Hussey GS, Ray PS, Jin G, Fox PL, Howe PH. TGF-beta-mediated phosphorylation of hnRNP E1 induces EMT via transcript-selective translational induction of Dab2 and ILEI. Nat Cell Biol. 2010 Mar; 12(3):286-93. PMID: 20154680; PMCID: PMC2830561.
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    51. Chaudhury A, Howe PH, Chaudhury A, Howe PH. The tale of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signaling: a soign? enigma. IUBMB Life. 2009 Oct; 61(10):929-39. PMID: 19787707; PMCID: PMC2810629.
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    52. Jiang Y, Luo W, Howe PH, Jiang Y, Luo W, Howe PH. Dab2 stabilizes Axin and attenuates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by preventing protein phosphatase 1 (PP1)-Axin interactions. Oncogene. 2009 Aug 20; 28(33):2999-3007. PMID: 19581931; PMCID: PMC2804437.
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    53. Wildey GM, Howe PH, Wildey GM, Howe PH. Runx1 is a co-activator with FOXO3 to mediate transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-induced Bim transcription in hepatic cells. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jul 24; 284(30):20227-39. PMID: 19494111; PMCID: PMC2740449.
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    54. Ramesh S, Wildey GM, Howe PH, Ramesh S, Wildey GM, Howe PH. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-induced apoptosis: the rise & fall of Bim. Cell Cycle. 2009 Jan 01; 8(1):11-7. PMID: 19106608; PMCID: PMC3191464.
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    55. Ramesh S, Qi XJ, Wildey GM, Robinson J, Molkentin J, Letterio J, Howe PH, Ramesh S, Qi XJ, Wildey GM, Robinson J, Molkentin J, Letterio J, Howe PH. TGF beta-mediated BIM expression and apoptosis are regulated through SMAD3-dependent expression of the MAPK phosphatase MKP2. EMBO Rep. 2008 Oct; 9(10):990-7. PMID: 18704116; PMCID: PMC2572119.
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    56. Jiang Y, Prunier C, Howe PH, Jiang Y, Prunier C, Howe PH. The inhibitory effects of Disabled-2 (Dab2) on Wnt signaling are mediated through Axin. Oncogene. 2008 Mar 20; 27(13):1865-75. PMID: 17922036; PMCID: PMC2810718.
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    57. Rula ME, Cai KQ, Moore R, Yang DH, Staub CM, Capo-Chichi CD, Jablonski SA, Howe PH, Smith ER, Xu XX, Rula ME, Cai KQ, Moore R, Yang DH, Staub CM, Capo-Chichi CD, Jablonski SA, Howe PH, Smith ER, Xu XX. Cell autonomous sorting and surface positioning in the formation of primitive endoderm in embryoid bodies. Genesis. 2007 Jun; 45(6):327-38. PMID: 17506089.
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    58. Bandyopadhyay S, Ashraf MZ, Daher P, Howe PH, DiCorleto PE, Bandyopadhyay S, Ashraf MZ, Daher P, Howe PH, DiCorleto PE. HOXA9 participates in the transcriptional activation of E-selectin in endothelial cells. Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Jun; 27(12):4207-16. PMID: 17452460; PMCID: PMC1900059.
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    59. Chandrasekharan UM, Siemionow M, Unsal M, Yang L, Poptic E, Bohn J, Ozer K, Zhou Z, Howe PH, Penn M, DiCorleto PE, Chandrasekharan UM, Siemionow M, Unsal M, Yang L, Poptic E, Bohn J, Ozer K, Zhou Z, Howe PH, Penn M, DiCorleto PE. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor-II is required for TNF-alpha-induced leukocyte-endothelial interaction in vivo. Blood. 2007 Mar 01; 109(5):1938-44. PMID: 17068152; PMCID: PMC1801063.
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    60. Qi XJ, Wildey GM, Howe PH, Qi XJ, Wildey GM, Howe PH. Evidence that Ser87 of BimEL is phosphorylated by Akt and regulates BimEL apoptotic function. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jan 13; 281(2):813-23. PMID: 16282323.
      Citations:    
    61. Hocevar BA, Prunier C, Howe PH, Hocevar BA, Prunier C, Howe PH. Disabled-2 (Dab2) mediates transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-stimulated fibronectin synthesis through TGFbeta-activated kinase 1 and activation of the JNK pathway. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 08; 280(27):25920-7. PMID: 15894542.
      Citations:    
    62. Prunier C, Howe PH, Prunier C, Howe PH. Disabled-2 (Dab2) is required for transforming growth factor beta-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). J Biol Chem. 2005 Apr 29; 280(17):17540-8. PMID: 15734730.
      Citations:    
    63. Prunier C, Hocevar BA, Howe PH, Prunier C, Hocevar BA, Howe PH. Wnt signaling: physiology and pathology. Growth Factors. 2004 Sep; 22(3):141-50. PMID: 15518237.
      Citations:    
    64. Chandrasekharan UM, Yang L, Walters A, Howe P, DiCorleto PE, Chandrasekharan UM, Yang L, Walters A, Howe P, DiCorleto PE. Role of CL-100, a dual specificity phosphatase, in thrombin-induced endothelial cell activation. J Biol Chem. 2004 Nov 05; 279(45):46678-85. PMID: 15339908.
      Citations:    
    65. Bayon Y, Ortiz MA, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Howe PH, Piedrafita FJ, Bayon Y, Ortiz MA, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Howe PH, Piedrafita FJ. The retinoid antagonist MX781 induces clusterin expression in prostate cancer cells via heat shock factor-1 and activator protein-1 transcription factors. Cancer Res. 2004 Aug 15; 64(16):5905-12. PMID: 15313936.
      Citations:    
    66. Lu T, Burdelya LG, Swiatkowski SM, Boiko AD, Howe PH, Stark GR, Gudkov AV, Lu T, Burdelya LG, Swiatkowski SM, Boiko AD, Howe PH, Stark GR, Gudkov AV. Secreted transforming growth factor beta2 activates NF-kappaB, blocks apoptosis, and is essential for the survival of some tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 May 04; 101(18):7112-7. PMID: 15118089; PMCID: PMC406474.
      Citations:    
    67. Hocevar BA, Mou F, Rennolds JL, Morris SM, Cooper JA, Howe PH, Hocevar BA, Mou F, Rennolds JL, Morris SM, Cooper JA, Howe PH. Regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway by disabled-2 (Dab2). EMBO J. 2003 Jun 16; 22(12):3084-94. PMID: 12805222; PMCID: PMC162138.
      Citations: 45     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    68. Prunier C, Pessah M, Ferrand N, Seo SR, Howe P, Atfi A, Prunier C, Pessah M, Ferrand N, Seo SR, Howe P, Atfi A. The oncoprotein Ski acts as an antagonist of transforming growth factor-beta signaling by suppressing Smad2 phosphorylation. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 11; 278(28):26249-57. PMID: 12732634.
      Citations: 21     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    69. Wildey GM, Patil S, Howe PH, Wildey GM, Patil S, Howe PH. Smad3 potentiates transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta )-induced apoptosis and expression of the BH3-only protein Bim in WEHI 231 B lymphocytes. J Biol Chem. 2003 May 16; 278(20):18069-77. PMID: 12637528.
      Citations: 43     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    70. Patil S, Wildey GM, Brown TL, Choy L, Derynck R, Howe PH, Patil S, Wildey GM, Brown TL, Choy L, Derynck R, Howe PH. Smad7 is induced by CD40 and protects WEHI 231 B-lymphocytes from transforming growth factor-beta -induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 08; 275(49):38363-70. PMID: 10995749.
      Citations: 18     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    71. Orr RK, Hoehn JL, Col NF, Brown TL, Patil S, Howe PH. Analysis of TGF-beta-inducible apoptosis. Methods Mol Biol. 2000; 142:149-67. PMID: 10806621.
      Citations: 4     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    72. Jin G, Howe PH, Jin G, Howe PH. Promoter analysis of TGF-beta responsive genes by transient transfection and deletional/mutational analysis. Methods Mol Biol. 2000; 142:79-95. PMID: 10806615.
      Citations:    Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    73. Hocevar BA, Howe PH, Hocevar BA, Howe PH. Regulation of AP-1 activity by TGF-beta. Methods Mol Biol. 2000; 142:97-108. PMID: 10806616.
      Citations: 1     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    74. Hocevar BA, Howe PH, Hocevar BA, Howe PH. Analysis of TGF-beta-mediated synthesis of extracellular matrix components. Methods Mol Biol. 2000; 142:55-65. PMID: 10806613.
      Citations: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    75. Brown TL, Patil S, Cianci CD, Morrow JS, Howe PH, Brown TL, Patil S, Cianci CD, Morrow JS, Howe PH. Transforming growth factor beta induces caspase 3-independent cleavage of alphaII-spectrin (alpha-fodrin) coincident with apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 13; 274(33):23256-62. PMID: 10438500.
      Citations: 12     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    76. Jin G, Howe PH, Jin G, Howe PH. Transforming growth factor beta regulates clusterin gene expression via modulation of transcription factor c-Fos. Eur J Biochem. 1999 Jul; 263(2):534-42. PMID: 10406964.
      Citations: 14     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    77. Hocevar BA, Brown TL, Howe PH, Hocevar BA, Brown TL, Howe PH. TGF-beta induces fibronectin synthesis through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent, Smad4-independent pathway. EMBO J. 1999 Mar 01; 18(5):1345-56. PMID: 10064600; PMCID: PMC1171224.
      Citations: 175     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    78. Brown TL, Patil S, Basnett RK, Howe PH, Brown TL, Patil S, Basnett RK, Howe PH. Caspase inhibitor BD-fmk distinguishes transforming growth factor beta-induced apoptosis from growth inhibition. Cell Growth Differ. 1998 Oct; 9(10):869-75. PMID: 9790498.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    79. Hocevar BA, Howe PH, Hocevar BA, Howe PH. Mechanisms of TGF-beta-induced cell cycle arrest. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1998; 24(2-3):131-5. PMID: 9525695.
      Citations: 9     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimals
    80. Jin G, Howe PH, Jin G, Howe PH. Regulation of clusterin gene expression by transforming growth factor beta. J Biol Chem. 1997 Oct 17; 272(42):26620-6. PMID: 9334243.
      Citations: 27     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    81. Lee YJ, Han Y, Lu HT, Nguyen V, Qin H, Howe PH, Hocevar BA, Boss JM, Ransohoff RM, Benveniste EN, Lee YJ, Han Y, Lu HT, Nguyen V, Qin H, Howe PH, Hocevar BA, Boss JM, Ransohoff RM, Benveniste EN. TGF-beta suppresses IFN-gamma induction of class II MHC gene expression by inhibiting class II transactivator messenger RNA expression. J Immunol. 1997 Mar 01; 158(5):2065-75. PMID: 9036950.
      Citations: 48     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    82. Chai YC, Howe PH, DiCorleto PE, Chisolm GM, Chai YC, Howe PH, DiCorleto PE, Chisolm GM. Oxidized low density lipoprotein and lysophosphatidylcholine stimulate cell cycle entry in vascular smooth muscle cells. Evidence for release of fibroblast growth factor-2. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jul 26; 271(30):17791-7. PMID: 8663300.
      Citations: 29     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    83. Hocevar BA, Howe PH, Hocevar BA, Howe PH. Isolation and characterization of mutant cell lines defective in transforming growth factor beta signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jul 23; 93(15):7655-60. PMID: 8755531; PMCID: PMC38802.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    84. Reddy KB, Jin G, Karode MC, Harmony JA, Howe PH, Reddy KB, Jin G, Karode MC, Harmony JA, Howe PH. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta)-induced nuclear localization of apolipoprotein J/clusterin in epithelial cells. Biochemistry. 1996 May 14; 35(19):6157-63. PMID: 8634259.
      Citations: 40     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    85. Mal A, Poon RY, Howe PH, Toyoshima H, Hunter T, Harter ML, Mal A, Poon RY, Howe PH, Toyoshima H, Hunter T, Harter ML. Inactivation of p27Kip1 by the viral E1A oncoprotein in TGFbeta-treated cells. Nature. 1996 Mar 21; 380(6571):262-5. PMID: 8637577.
      Citations: 38     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    86. Reddy KB, Karode MC, Harmony AK, Howe PH, Reddy KB, Karode MC, Harmony AK, Howe PH. Interaction of transforming growth factor beta receptors with apolipoprotein J/clusterin. Biochemistry. 1996 Jan 09; 35(1):309-14. PMID: 8555189.
      Citations: 10     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    87. Lafont AM, Chai YC, Cornhill JF, Whitlow PL, Howe PH, Chisolm GM, Lafont AM, Chai YC, Cornhill JF, Whitlow PL, Howe PH, Chisolm GM. Effect of alpha-tocopherol on restenosis after angioplasty in a model of experimental atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest. 1995 Mar; 95(3):1018-25. PMID: 7883949; PMCID: PMC441435.
      Citations: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    88. Reddy KB, Hocevar BA, Howe PH, Reddy KB, Hocevar BA, Howe PH. Inhibition of G1 phase cyclin dependent kinases by transforming growth factor beta 1. J Cell Biochem. 1994 Nov; 56(3):418-25. PMID: 7876335.
      Citations: 3     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    89. Howe PH, Dobrowolski SF, Reddy KB, Stacey DW, Howe PH, Dobrowolski SF, Reddy KB, Stacey DW. Release from G1 growth arrest by transforming growth factor beta 1 requires cellular ras activity. J Biol Chem. 1993 Oct 05; 268(28):21448-52. PMID: 8407989.
      Citations: 9     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    90. Devajyothi C, Kalvakolanu I, Babcock GT, Vasavada HA, Howe PH, Ransohoff RM, Devajyothi C, Kalvakolanu I, Babcock GT, Vasavada HA, Howe PH, Ransohoff RM. Inhibition of interferon-gamma-induced major histocompatibility complex class II gene transcription by interferon-beta and type beta 1 transforming growth factor in human astrocytoma cells. Definition of cis-element. J Biol Chem. 1993 Sep 05; 268(25):18794-800. PMID: 8103050.
      Citations: 7     Fields:    Translation:HumansCells
    91. Reddy KB, Howe PH, Reddy KB, Howe PH. Transforming growth factor beta 1-mediated inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation is associated with a late G1 cell cycle arrest. J Cell Physiol. 1993 Jul; 156(1):48-55. PMID: 8391008.
      Citations: 15     Fields:    Translation:HumansAnimalsCells
    92. Longstreet M, Miller B, Howe PH, Longstreet M, Miller B, Howe PH. Loss of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1)-induced growth arrest and p34cdc2 regulation in ras-transfected epithelial cells. Oncogene. 1992 Aug; 7(8):1549-56. PMID: 1630817.
      Citations: 10     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    93. Howe PH, Draetta G, Leof EB, Howe PH, Draetta G, Leof EB. Transforming growth factor beta 1 inhibition of p34cdc2 phosphorylation and histone H1 kinase activity is associated with G1/S-phase growth arrest. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Mar; 11(3):1185-94. PMID: 1996085; PMCID: PMC369389.
      Citations: 44     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    94. Howe PH, Cunningham MR, Leof EB, Howe PH, Cunningham MR, Leof EB. Inhibition of mink lung epithelial cell proliferation by transforming growth factor-beta is coupled through a pertussis-toxin-sensitive substrate. Biochem J. 1990 Mar 01; 266(2):537-43. PMID: 2156499; PMCID: PMC1131165.
      Citations: 8     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    95. Howe PH, Cunningham MR, Leof EB, Howe PH, Cunningham MR, Leof EB. Distinct pathways regulate transforming growth factor beta 1-stimulated proto-oncogene and extracellular matrix gene expression. J Cell Physiol. 1990 Jan; 142(1):39-45. PMID: 2153688.
      Citations: 4     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    96. Pietenpol JA, Howe PH, Cunningham MR, Leof EB, Pietenpol JA, Howe PH, Cunningham MR, Leof EB. Interferon alpha/beta modulation of growth-factor-stimulated mitogenicity in AKR-2B fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol. 1989 Dec; 141(3):453-60. PMID: 2687295.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    97. Howe PH, Bascom CC, Cunningham MR, Leof EB, Howe PH, Bascom CC, Cunningham MR, Leof EB. Regulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 action by multiple transducing pathways: evidence for both G protein-dependent and -independent signaling. Cancer Res. 1989 Nov 01; 49(21):6024-31. PMID: 2507140.
      Citations: 11     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    98. Howe PH, Leof EB, Howe PH, Leof EB. Transforming growth factor beta 1 treatment of AKR-2B cells is coupled through a pertussis-toxin-sensitive G-protein(s). Biochem J. 1989 Aug 01; 261(3):879-86. PMID: 2508623; PMCID: PMC1138912.
      Citations: 9     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
    99. Pledger WJ, Howe PH, Leof EB, Pledger WJ, Howe PH, Leof EB. The regulation of cell proliferation by serum growth factors. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1982 Dec 10; 397:1-10. PMID: 6961836.
      Citations: 2     Fields:    Translation:AnimalsCells
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